Acute Pyelonephritis

Acute Pyelonephritis is referring to acute infectious disease in renal pelvis mucosa and renal parenchyma, mainly caused by Escherichia coli. The common clinical symptoms include fever, chill, abdominal pain, percussion pain in the kidney, frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination and such irritation signs of bladder. The most serious complication of acute pyelonephritis is infectious toxin shock.
Cause
Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of renal tubules, renal interstitium and renal parenchyma directly caused by various pathogenic microorganisms. The main microorganism is non-specific bacteria, and most are Escherichia coli, and then proteus, staphylococcus, streptococcus faecium, a minority is pseudomonas aeruginosa and occasion is fungus, protozoa, Chlamydia or virus
Clinical Symptoms
1. urinary irritation
Mostly, plyelonephritis is caused by upper infection, so most cases will complicate urocystitis. Patients occur to frequent urination, urgent urination and painful urination. The urine is muddy, and sometimes has blood.
2. the symptoms in the whole body
Include chill, fever (the temperature may be above 38℃), fatigue, poor appetite, and occasionally nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain.
3. local signs
The local signs include pain in one or both kidney, and percussion pain and tenderness.

Patients with diabetes, analgesic nephropathy or urinary tract obstruction complicating acute plyelonephritis may occur to renal papillary necrosis. In addition to sepsis symptoms, blood urine and pyuria, sometimes, patients may have ureter colic due to necrosis papillae falling down. Some patients may also occur to oliguria or anuria and acute renal failure.